A Brief History of Town Planning: From Fire to Future

Gentleman's House at the Old Aged Pensioners' Camp, Tarragindi, 1925, State Library of Queensland

Town planning, the art and science of arranging and designing urban spaces, has evolved significantly over the centuries. Its origins can be traced back to ancient civilizations, but its modern form emerged in response to the challenges of rapid urbanisation and industrialisation.

The Birth of Modern Town Planning

The early 20th century marked a pivotal moment in the history of town planning. The devastating fires in New York City in 1916 highlighted the urgent need for regulations to prevent such tragedies. This led to the development of zoning laws and building codes, which sought to separate incompatible land uses and establish fire safety standards.

In Australia, major cities like Sydney and Melbourne began to develop planning schemes in the 1920s, but these were not implemented as attentions moved to the war. Australian cities started implementing formal planning schemes in the 1950s. Brisbane, influenced by London's Green Belt concept, adopted its first town plan in 1965. However, it's surprising to note that Mackay was the first city in Queensland to have a planning scheme, dating back to 1934. Brisbane houses still had outhouses in the 1960s, and the city was the last capital city to develop city-wide sewage networks.

The Evolution of Planning Regulations

Development in Qld is currently overseen by law through the Planning Act 2016, which allows local governments to create their own planning scheme for their particular region. The Planning Regulation 2017 provides the content of the planning scheme (what you can and can’t do). The Local government planning scheme provides the maps and codes pertinent to that area.

Shanty town in Tarragindi, Brisbane, 1953, State Library of Queensland

Lessons from the Past

Historical planning documents often reveal fascinating insights into past urban challenges. For instance, the prevalence of "shanty towns" in post-war Brisbane underscores the importance of adequate housing and urban planning. These lessons from the past continue to inform our approach to urban development today.

By understanding the historical context of town planning, we can appreciate the significant role it plays in shaping our cities and communities. From ensuring public safety to promoting sustainable development, town planning is essential for creating vibrant and livable urban environments.

Cracknel Road Estate, Annerley, State Library of Queensland

'Brisbane has her own shanty town' The Telegraph 13 Jan 1933